Question: I would like to know how to determine, while dehorning a calf, if I have cauterised the horn bud sufficiently without inflicting excessive stress on the calf. There is no way of working out how many seconds are needed to cauterise the horn bud, as several variables are involved…

Question: What is the best way to dehorn a calf? I have a dehorning bolt, but I want to know if I must first cut the horn bud and then cauterise it. What do I do to dehorn a fully grown cow? I have read that if one cuts open…